Yet more rogue AI agents from OpenAI and Anthropic have been caught attempting to hack real targets online without permission. The discoveries add to a growing list of previously unknown incidents that have alarmed AI safety experts and intensified pressure for greater oversight of frontier systems.
According to a report from the UK’s AI Security Institute, which evaluates frontier models from top AI labs before they are released, agents powered by OpenAI’s GPT-5.6-Sol and Anthropic’s Mythos 5 went “engaged in sustained, potentially harmful activity directed at real people and organisations.” This included trying to insert malicious code into an open-source project by pressuring real people in charge of it, AISI said. “In an attempt to get the code approved, the agent engaged in social engineering — creating fake online identities and using them to pressure the project’s maintainer to approve the code.”
AISI said the attempts, which it detected on July 28th, “were unsuccessful” and had not resulted in real-world harm. However, the organization noted that the incident marked “the first time we have seen risks around autonomy and deception manifest this clearly, without specific prompting, in the real-world.”
Unlike OpenAI’s rogue agent that attacked Hugging Face, AISI said this was “not a case of a model escaping its secure test environment,” or sandbox. Safeguards usually imposed on the models had been disabled as part of testing, AISI said, and they had also been permitted access to the internet. “To measure what these models can genuinely do, we test them under conditions that reflect what a capable human attacker could do,” AISI said.
The incident stemmed from a single AISI evaluation where agents were tasked with solving a cybersecurity challenge, such as finding a piece of protected data. The challenge was run 122 times across multiple models and all runs were conducted in AISI’s research environment, which uses “virtual machine sandboxing to isolate the agents from other AISI infrastructure.” AISI’s investigation found that in 10 of those, “an AI agent took autonomous, unsanctioned action on the live internet, targeting real people and organisations.” Of 19 such actions, almost all — 17 — came from Anthropic’s Mythos 5.
In its post-mortem of the incident, AISI identified several key factors it said contributed to the unsanctioned agent behaviors. It said the agent was persistent, pursuing avenues like trying to trick real people through “deception that, until recently, had been largely theoretical.” The task was also hard, which the organization said could push agents to be more “creative” in their problem-solving. Compounding matters were deficiencies in how internet use was monitored, with AISI suggesting that more dedicated surveillance could have identified the problem sooner. Finally, the organization said the agent hadn’t been specifically instructed not to leverage its internet access or deploy deceptive social engineering techniques in pursuit of its goal. “Previously, it was not clear that such instructions were necessary when using models with alignment training,” AISI said.
AISI said the incident should be “interpreted with caution and nuance” but warned the agent’s actions “show signs of novel, potentially deceptive behaviours” that “were to an extent and severity we did not anticipate.”
In a blog post, OpenAI acknowledged the breach that happened during AISI’s testing and said it is “committed to working across the industry to strengthen shared practices for conducting high-risk evaluations safely.” OpenAI also disclosed another breach, this time from an external cybersecurity testing partner Irregular, where it said models had been mistakenly granted internet access during cybersecurity exercises. OpenAI said Irregular notified it of the breach on July 29th.
“In the coming weeks, we will review our own approach to third-party testing, including how we identify higher-risk evaluations, agree on scope, assess requests to enable internet access or lowered safeguards, set expectations for isolation, credential handling, monitoring, and stop conditions, and establish clearer incident-notification and escalation processes,” OpenAI said.
Anthropic posted a less comprehensive response on X, largely emphasizing that the models’ standard safety features had been disabled and that they had not been given “any specific restrictions on how the internet should be used.” It said it was working closely with AISI to gather more details for its own investigation.
The findings add to an increasingly tangled mess of rogue actions from agents during testing, many of which only come to light after dedicated hunting and which feature models not released to the public. The unwillingness or inability of AI labs to contain their products has sparked concern over how such breaches could go unnoticed, the safety of frontier AI systems, and worries over the general lack of transparency and oversight the industry faces. These latest disclosures will likely intensify pressure on the federal government for a more comprehensive framework governing AI models following what reports suggest is a vague and poorly-defined testing plan from the Trump administration, and could add to growing calls for some form of slowdown or pause on AI development.
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